Questions and Answers NCERT Class 11 Geography Chapter 2: Structure and Physiography
Short Answer Questions
- What is the lithosphere?
– The lithosphere is the outermost layer of the Earth, comprising the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle. It is rigid and is divided into tectonic plates.
- Name the three major physiographic divisions of India.
– The three major physiographic divisions of India are:
1. The Himalayan Mountains
2. The Northern Plains
3. The Peninsular Plateau
- Define ‘Physiography’.
– Physiography is the study of physical features of the Earth’s surface and its natural phenomena, including landforms, climate, soils, and vegetation.
- What is the significance of the Himalayas?
– The Himalayas play a crucial role in shaping the climate of the Indian subcontinent, providing water resources from glaciers, acting as a natural barrier, and influencing biodiversity.
Long Answer Questions
- Explain the formation of the Himalayas.
– The Himalayas were formed as a result of the collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. This tectonic activity began around 50 million years ago when the Indian Plate started moving northwards and collided with the Eurasian Plate. The immense pressure caused the crust to buckle and fold, leading to the formation of the Himalayan mountain range.
- Describe the main features of the Northern Plains.
– The Northern Plains of India are characterized by alluvial soil, which is highly fertile. These plains are divided into three sections: the Punjab Plains, the Ganga Plains, and the Brahmaputra Plains. They are formed by the deposition of sediments by the major rivers like the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra and their tributaries. This region is also known for its extensive agricultural activities.
- Discuss the significance of the Peninsular Plateau.
– The Peninsular Plateau is one of the oldest and most stable landmasses of India. It is composed of igneous and metamorphic rocks and is rich in minerals. This plateau is divided into two sections: the Central Highlands and the Deccan Plateau. The plateau has a diverse range of ecosystems and is significant for its biodiversity. It also has several rivers, waterfalls, and is a crucial region for mining and other industrial activities.
Multiple Choice Questions
- The lithosphere is composed of:
– (a) Crust and Core
– (b) Crust and Mantle
– (c) Mantle and Core
– (d) None of these
Answer: (b) Crust and Mantle
- The Northern Plains of India are mainly formed by:
– (a) Wind deposition
– (b) Glacial deposition
– (c) Riverine deposition
– (d) Volcanic activities
Answer: (c) Riverine deposition
- Which of the following is the highest peak in the Himalayas?
– (a) K2
– (b) Kangchenjunga
– (c) Mount Everest
– (d) Nanga Parbat
Answer: (c) Mount Everest
Fill in the Blanks
- The Peninsular Plateau is divided into two parts: the __________ and the __________.
– Answer: Central Highlands, Deccan Plateau
- The Himalayas are known as the __________ barrier.
– Answer: Northern
- The Ganga Plains are primarily formed by the river __________.
– Answer: Ganga
True or False
- The Himalayas were formed due to volcanic activity.
Answer: False -
The Northern Plains are known for their infertile soil.
Answer: False -
The Peninsular Plateau is rich in minerals.
Answer: True
These questions cover various aspects of Chapter 1: Structure and Physiography, providing a comprehensive understanding of the topic.